Haffner and colleagues4 examined the relation concerning the fasting proinsulin-to-insulin ratio with a number of metabolic disorders considered to be affiliated with the IR syndrome. In 423 topics without diabetes, an increased ratio was significantly affiliated with hypertension, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglyceride levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. ... http://cesarewlap.free-blogz.com/1210139/about-proin-kidney-failure